Three and a half years into Sudan’s brutal conflict, the world’s largest humanitarian and displacement crisis continues to deepen and the people of Sudan are paying with their lives.

In a joint submission ahead of Sudan’s fourth Universal Periodic Review (Session 54, January 2027), Liberal International (LI), along with the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights (RWCHR), exposes a pattern of ethnically motivated attacks against the Fur, Zaghawa, Massalit and other non-Arab groups in Darfur and Kordofan.  

The submission highlights:

• West Darfur (2023): the RSF and allied militias targeted the Massalit ethnic group for genocide. 
• The Zamzam camp (April 2024): the RSF and allied militias targeted mainly the Zaghawa and Fur ethnic groups.  
• El Fasher (October 2025): the RSF and allied militias accused of genocide against the Zaghawa and Fur. 

LI and the RWCHR note with grave concern that both warring parties to the conflict have used sexual violence as a weapon of ethnic persecution, with the RSF and allied militias responsible for most of the documented cases. 

LI and the RWCHR are also gravely concerned by reprisal killings carried out by SAF-aligned forces and by the so-called “Strange Faces” orders, which permit detention on the basis of physical appearance. 

Both warring parties depend on external support from Sudan’s neighbours and other regional actors in open defiance of the UN arms embargo.

LI and the RWCHR call on:

• The Sudanese authorities to end the attacks on civilians and fully cooperate with international investigative bodies and the ICC to ensure accountability. 
• All third States to stop arming and financing the warring parties.
• The international community to hold the RSF and allied militias accountable for ethnic attacks against non-Arab groups. The RSF must end the attacks immediately. 
• The international and regional communities to act immediately to end the violence and hold those responsible to account. 

Read the submission here